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- WOMEN IN COMBAT
-
-
- The idea of women in combat is not unusual anymore.
- They should be able to hold combat positions beacause
- although physical strength matters, the military still
- needs the intelligence that women can bring. Also,
- banning women from the combat hurts their military careers.
- Although women account for only ten percent of the
- enlisted personnel (Time, 8/21/95/ Pg. 31), they
- are still a major part in the armed forces. Their
- performance recently has generated support from Congress and
- the public for enhancing the role of females in the military.
-
- During the Persian Gulf War, women were sent to the
- Middle East to fly helicopters, service combat jets,
- refuel tankers, and load laser-guided bombs. Their
- performance has led the world to realize that women
- are extremely useful in combat. Defense secretary Dick
- Chaney said "Women have made a major contribution to
- this [war] effort. We could not have won without them."
- Leaders in the field agreed. The Gulf War had the largest
- deployment of women in the armed forces in history. These
- women encountered the same risks as the men they served with.
- Twenty one females lost their lives (Holm, Women in
- Combat: The New Reality, pg. 67-68).
-
- In the Persian Gulf, there were no exact
- positions and all areas were equally vulnerable,
- so the idea of safe havens for women was not really
- applicable. By many armed forces policies,
- females are banned from combat jobs and units,
- but in the Persian Gulf War females were assigned
- to battleships, aircraft carriers, and marine
- support groups dug into the desert. From
- their experience in the Persian Gulf, military women
- have earned the right to be treated as equals with
- men and not as protected individuals.
-
- In spite of their record as able combat personnel, there
- are laws and policies that restrict women in the United
- States Military from serving in positions that require
- them to engage in direct combat. Women in the Air
- Force and Navy are barred from aircraft and vessels that
- have a chance to be exposed to combat. The official,
- established policies of the Army and Marine Corps exclude
- women from combat (Snyder, pg. 75-76). These policies
- prohibit women, on the basis of gender only, from over twelve
- percent of the skill positions and thirty-nine
- percent of the total positions offered by the
- Department of Defense. Such policies excluding women
- from combat need to be repealed by Congress. The
- Fourteenth Amendment's "Equal Protection Clause" insures
- every citizen "the equal protection of the laws." Although the
- clause is not applicable to Federal government, the Supreme Court
- said the Due Process Clause in the Fifth Amendment prohibits
- the federal government from making unreasonable classifications.
- Therefore the set laws and policies that exclude women from
- combat not only violate the Fifth Amendment, but also deny
- women their fundamental right to engage and excel in their
- chosen occupation.
-
- There have been many court cases involving
- women in combat over the years, although
- there has never been a case directly
- challenging the constitutionality laws and
- regulations banning women from combat. In
- the case of Frontiero vs. Richardson, the court
- rejected the idea that "man is, or should be,
- woman's protector or defender," which in
- actuality, put women not on a pedestal, but in
- a cage. In Satty vs. Nashville Gas Co., the
- decision stated that gender does not determine
- who is able to perform capably as a soldier.
- In the case of Schlesinger vs. Ballard, it was
- realized by the Supreme Court that the
- combat exclusion hinders the abilities
- of women to gain the experience needed for
- promotion within the military. The combat
- exclusion puts women wishing to obtain
- qualification for high-level positions at a
- disadvantage, because leadership training is
- usually acquired in combat-type positions.
-
- Although many females are not eager to go into
- combat, there are women who can and want to do
- the job. In a time where technology takes
- over battle lines and brains might be more
- important than brawn, a reason to exclude women
- is non-existant.
-
- By: Megan Craven,
- Jennifer Kopper,
- Stacey Rohrer
-
- Sources:
- Time Magazine, Aug 21, 1991 p.31.
-
- Holm, Jeanne, Women in Combat: The New Reality, pg. 67-68.
-
- Snyder, Kathy L. "An Equal Right to Fight."
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